pregnancy 的健康风险如何理解?
Pregnancy health risks
Maternal health risks:
- Maternal mortality rate (MMR): Pregnancy-related deaths are more common in developing countries.
- Preeclampsia: A condition that develops when the blood supply to the placenta is blocked.
- Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD): A condition that can cause the fetus to grow in the wrong place.
- Placental abruption: When the placenta separates from the uterine wall.
- Preterm labor: Labor that starts before the baby is ready to be born.
- Shoulder dystocia: A condition where the baby is born with its shoulder stuck in the birth canal.
- Cephalopelvic stenosis: A condition where the baby is born with a narrow birth canal.
- Maternal hemorrhage: Bleeding that occurs during pregnancy or childbirth.
Fetal health risks:
- Birth defects: Conditions that occur when the baby is born with a birth defect.
- Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR): A condition where the baby does not get the nutrients it needs to grow properly.
- Premature birth: A baby born before its due date.
- Low birth weight: A baby born weighing less than 2500 grams.
- Meconium aspiration: When the baby takes in too much meconium, a fluid that is produced by the baby's intestines.
Other risks:
- Maternal depression: A mental health condition that can develop during pregnancy.
- Anemia: A condition where the blood does not have enough oxygen.
- Obesity: Being overweight or obese before pregnancy can increase the risk of pregnancy complications.
- Smoking: Smoking during pregnancy can increase the risk of birth defects.
- Alcohol use: Alcohol use during pregnancy can increase the risk of birth defects.
- Drug use: Drug use during pregnancy can increase the risk of birth defects.
How to reduce pregnancy health risks:
- Get regular prenatal care.
- Eat a healthy diet.
- Exercise regularly.
- Avoid smoking and alcohol use.
- Get vaccinated against preventable diseases.
- Manage any underlying health conditions.
